Elsa Antunes

Projects 9
Publications 59
Awards 6

Biography

Profile:

Elsa Antunes is a Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering in the College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University. She obtained her PhD degree in Chemical Engineering from James Cook University in 2018. Elsa’s PhD was focused on understanding the impact of microwave pyrolysis conditions on biochar properties produced from diverse biomass. Before joining James Cook University, Elsa was Head of Advanced Ceramics Department capitalising more than 10 years employment within industry undertaking research projects.

Elsa’s research is focused in the field of materials engineering, developing new materials and fabrication techniques for biomedical implants, investigating smart materials fabrication, understanding production of value-added products from biomass pyrolysis, and using biochar for water purification and resource recovery.

Current Research Projects:

  • Advanced Manufacturing and Materials
  • 3D Printing of Advanced Ceramic Materials
  • Sustainable Conversion of Biomass into Value-added products
  • Advanced Technologies to Mitigate the Impact of Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Research

Research Interests

  • Biomedical implants: new materials and fabrication methods
  • Nanomaterials: design new materials for new applications
  • Pyrolysis: production of value-added products while mitigating the environmental impact of biomass
  • Biochar applications: water purification and other value-added applications

Projects

Teaching

Research Advisor Accreditation

Advisor Type

Mentor


Taught Modules

Current JCU Research Students

Optimising the conversion of sugarcane biomass to carbon-based materials
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering and Related Technologies)
Monolithic and multi-ceramic sandwich structures with functionally graded TPMS lattice-core topology for ultra-high temperature applications
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering and Related Technologies)
Biomass-derived Carbon Dots for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Drinking Water
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering and Related Technologies)
Investigation of Biomass Derived Biochar for Mitigation of Pharmaceuticals Pollution
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering and Related Technologies)
Investigation of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of gold nanoparticles
Master of Philosophy (Health)
Graphene based supercapacitors from renewable sources
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering and Related Technologies)

Activities

Awards

Employment

Media

Committees

Output

Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa Marisa (2017) Investigations on biochar production from biosolids via microwave assisted pyrolysis and its potential applications. [Thesis] [DOI]
Other Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Islam, Md Anwarul; Parvin, Mst Irin; Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Kumar, Ravinder; Antunes, Elsa (2024) 'Silver adsorption on biochar produced from spent coffee grounds: validation by kinetic and isothermal modelling'. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14 :28007-28021. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Mele, Mahmuda Akter; Kumar, Ravinder; Dada, Tewodros Dada; Heydari, Amir; Antunes, Elsa (2024) 'Investigation of gold adsorption by ironbark biochar using response surface methodology and artificial neural network modelling'. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 456 . [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Premchand, Premchand; Fino, Debora; Demichelis, Francesca; Bensaid, Samir; Chiaramonti, David; O'Connell, George; Scott, Jason; Antunes, Elsa (2024) 'Synthesis of metal-free heteroatom (N, P, O, and B) doped biochar catalysts for enhanced catalytic co-pyrolysis of walnut shells and palm oil fatty acid distillate to produce high-quality bio-oil'. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12 . [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Fong, Jenny; Jackson, Timothy L; Flores, Florita; Antunes, Elsa; Abdul Wahab, Muhammad Azmi; Negri, Andrew P.; Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo (2024) 'The interplay of temperature, light, and substrate type in driving growth and reproduction of an important tropical crustose coralline alga'. Journal of Applied Phycology, 36 :3133-3145. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Aliyu, Muhammad; Rashid, Umer; Ghani, Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim; Salleh, Mohamad Amran Mohd; Hazmi, Balkis; Alharthi, Fahad A.; Antunes, Elsa; Yu, Jianglong (2024) 'Waste Palm Leaves-Based Hydrochar Support Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate'. Bioenergy Research, 17 :2413-2428. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Kumar, Ravinder; Rashid, Umer; Somasundaram, Murugavelh; Antunes, Elsa (2024) 'Enhanced catalytic activity of Sm/CeO2 to produce gasoline-range hydrocarbons from pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds'. Journal of the Energy Institute, 115 . [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Fong, Jenny; Ramsby, Blake D.; Flores, Florita; Dada, Tewodros; Antunes, Elsa; Abdul Wahab, Muhammad Azmi; Severati, Andrea; Negri, Andrew P.; Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo (2024) 'Effects of material type and surface roughness of settlement tiles on macroalgal colonisation and early coral recruitment success'. Coral Reefs, 43 :1083-1096. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Nylen, Julian; Sheehan, Madoc; Whelan, Anna; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa (2024) 'Internal and surface temperature profiles of spherical biosolids particles during convective drying'. Drying Technology, 42 (13):2044-2055. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Kumar, Ravinder; Whelan, Anna; Cannon, Patrick; Sheehan, Madoc; Reeves, Louise; Antunes, Elsa (2023) 'Occurrence of emerging contaminants in biosolids in northern Queensland, Australia'. Environmental Pollution, 330 . [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Koushik, Tejas M.; Miller, Catherine M.; Antunes, Elsa (2023) 'Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Function of Multi-Material Hierarchically Structured Scaffolds'. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 12 (9). [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Koushik, Tejas M.; Miller, Catherine M.; Antunes, Elsa (2023) 'Optimisation of two-step sintering parameters to produce bioactive and dense zirconia-hydroxyapatite composite ceramics'. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 43 (5):2222-2233. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Kumar, Ravinder; Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Whelan, Anna; Cannon, Patrick; Sheehan, Madoc; Reeves, Louise; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa (2023) 'Microbial and thermal treatment techniques for degradation of PFAS in biosolids: A focus on degradation mechanisms and pathways'. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 452 . [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Sheehan, Madoc; Murugavelh, S.; Antunes, Elsa (2023) 'A review on catalytic pyrolysis for high-quality bio-oil production from biomass'. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 13 :2595-2614. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Vuppaladadiyam, Arun Krishna; Vuppaladadiyam, Sai Sree Varsha; Sahoo, Abhisek; Murugavelh, S.; Anthony, Edward; Bhashkar, Thallada; Zheng, Ying; Zhao, Ming; Duan, Huabo; Zhao, Yan; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Leu, Shao Yuan (2023) 'Bio-oil and biochar from the pyrolytic conversion of biomass: A current and future perspective on the trade-off between economic, environmental, and technical indicators'. Science of the Total Environment, 857 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Sasidhar, K.B.; Somasundaram, Murugavelh; Yesuraj, K.; Hariharan, S.; Antunes, Elsa; Ekambaram, Porpatham; Kumar Arumugam, Senthil (2023) 'Optimization and production of renewable fuels from waste cooking oil and low-density polyethylene: Evaluating fuel properties and techno-economic feasibility of diesel replacement'. Energy Conversion and Management, 294 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Tan, Nathan chinag Ping; Miller, Catherine M.; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa; Sharma, Dileep (2022) 'Impact of physical decontamination methods on zirconia implant surface and subsequent bacterial adhesion: an in-vitro study'. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 8 (1):313-321. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun; Kumar, Ravinder; Vuppaladadiyam, Varsha; Sarmah, Ajit; Islam, Md Anwarul; Dada, Tewodros Kassa (2022) 'A circular economy approach for phosphorus removal using algae biochar'. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 1 . [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Vuppaladadiyam, Arun Krishna; Antunes, Elsa; Vuppaladadiyam, Sai Sree; Baig, Zenab Tariq; Subiantoro, Alison; Lei, Guoyuan; Leu, Shao-Yuan; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Duan, Huabo (2022) 'Progress in the development and use of refrigerants and unintended environmental consequences'. Science of the Total Environment, 823 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Kumar, Ravinder; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa; Whelan, Anna; Fearon, Rob; Sheehan, Madoc; Reeves, Louise (2022) 'Emerging contaminants in biosolids: presence, fate and analytical techniques'. Emerging Contaminants, 8 :162-194. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Islam, Md Anwarul; Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Parvin, Mst Irin; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Kumar, Ravinder; Antunes, Elsa (2022) 'Silver ions and silver nanoparticles removal by coffee derived biochar using a continuous fixed-bed adsorption column'. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 48 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Sheehan, M.; Antunes, E.; Seligmann, B.; Weight, C. (2022) 'The influence of moisture content on dust generation in falling curtains of sugarcane bagasse fiber'. Powder Technology, 397 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Antunes, Elsa; Vuppaladadiyam, Varsha S.S.; Shehzad, Farrukh; Somasundaram, Murugavelh; Memon, Muhammad Z.; Song, Qingbin; Dong, Weiguo; Duan, Hubao (2022) 'Discernment of synergy during the co-pyrolysis of lipid-extracted microalgae and digested municipal solid waste: a thermogravimetric–mass spectrometric study'. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 97 (2):490-500. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Vuppaladadiyam, Varsha S.S.; Antunes, Elsa; Baig, Zenab; Rehman, Shazia; Murugavelh, S.; Leu, Shao-Yaun; Sarmah, Ajit K. (2022) 'Pyrolysis of anaerobic digested residues in the presence of catalyst-sorbent bifunctional material: Pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics and evolved gas analysis'. Bioresource Technology, 351 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun; Duan, Alex Xiaofei; Kumar, Ravinder; Antunes, Elsa (2022) 'Probing the effect of Cu-SrO loading on catalyst supports (ZSM-5, Y-zeolite, activated carbon, Al2O3, and ZrO2) for aromatics production during catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste cooking oil'. Bioresource Technology, 360 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Islam, Md Anwarul; Kumar, Ravinder; Scott, Jason; Antunes, Elsa (2022) 'Catalytic co-pyrolysis of ironbark and waste cooking oil using strontium oxide-modified Y-zeolite for high-quality bio-oil production'. Chemical Engineering Journal, 450 (4). [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Islam, Md Anwarul; Duan, Alex Xiaofei; Antunes, Elsa (2022) 'Catalytic co-pyrolysis of ironbark and waste cooking oil using X-strontium /Y-zeolite (X= Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Fe)'. Journal of the Energy Institute, 104 :89-97. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Dharma Patria, Raffel; Rehman, Shazia; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Wang, Huaimin; Lin, Carol Sze Ki; Antunes, Elsa; Leu, Shao-Yuan (2022) 'Bioconversion of food and lignocellulosic wastes employing sugar platform: A review of enzymatic hydrolysis and kinetics'. Bioresource Technology, 352 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Kováčik, Jozef; Dresler, Sławomir; Sowa, Ireneusz; Babula, Petr; Antunes, Elsa (2022) 'Calcium-enriched biochar modulates cadmium uptake depending on external cadmium dose'. Environmental Pollution, 313 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Tan, Nathan Chiang Ping; Khan, Ahsen; Antunes, Elsa; Miller, Catherine M.; Sharma, Dileep (2021) 'The effects of physical decontamination methods on zirconia implant surfaces: a systematic review'. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 51 (4). [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Islam, Md Anwarul; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Antunes, Elsa (2021) 'Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of ironbark sawdust and plastic waste over strontium loaded hierarchical Y-zeolite'. Journal of Environmental Management, 299 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Islam, Md Anwarul; Jacob, Mohan V.; Antunes, Elsa (2021) 'A critical review on silver nanoparticles: from synthesis and applications to its mitigation through low-cost adsorption by biochar'. Journal of Environmental Management, 281 . [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Varsha, S.S.V.; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Shehzad, Farrukh; Ghaedi, Hosein; Murugavelh, S.; Dong, Weiguo; Antunes, Elsa (2021) 'Co-pyrolysis of microalgae and municipal solid waste: a thermogravimetric study to discern synergy during co-pyrolysis process'. Journal of the Energy Institute, 94 :29-38. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Antunes, Elsa; Sanchez, Paula Blanco; Duan, Huabo; Zhao, Ming (2021) 'Influence of microalgae on synergism during co-pyrolysis with organic waste biomass: a thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis'. Renewable Energy, 167 :42-55. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Timbs, Kalen; Khatamifar, Mehdi; Antunes, Elsa; Lin, Wenxian (2021) 'Experimental study on the heat dissipation performance of straight and oblique fin heat sinks made of thermal conductive composite polymers'. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 22 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Siddique, Istiaq Jamil; Salema, Arshad Adam; Antunes, Elsa; Vinu, Ravikrishnan (2021) 'Technical challenges in scaling up the microwave technology for biomass processing'. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 153 . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Munro, Thomas; Miller, Catherine M.; Antunes, Elsa; Sharma, Dileep (2020) 'Interactions of osteoprogenitor cells with a novel zirconia implant surface'. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 11 (3). [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Kabir, Humayun; Khan, Mohammad Jamal; Brodie, Graham; Gupta, Dorin; Pang, Alexis; Jacob, Mohan V.; Antunes, Elsa (2020) 'Measurement and modelling of soil dielectric properties as a function of soil class and moisture content'. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 54 (1):3-18. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Varsha, S. S. V.; Soomro, Abdul F.; Baig, Zenab T.; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K.; Murugavelh, S.; Antunes, Elsa (2020) 'Methane production from anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of kitchen waste and sewage sludge: synergy study on cumulative methane production and biodegradability'. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, . [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Grech, Jonathan; Antunes, Elsa (2020) 'Optimization of two-step sintering conditions of zirconia blanks for dental restorations'. Ceramics International, 46 (16 Part A):24792-24798. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Walker, Craig; Cole, Andrew; Antunes, Elsa; Sheehan, Madoc (2020) 'Equilibrium moisture and drying kinetics modelling of macroalgae species Ulva ohnoi and Oedogonium intermedium'. Clean Technologies, 2 (2):225-239. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Grech, Jonathan; Antunes, Elsa (2019) 'Zirconia in dental prosthetics: a literature review'. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8 (5):4956-4964. [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
McFarland, Mitchell; Antunes, Elsa (2019) 'Small-scale static fire tests of 3D printing hybrid rocket fuel grains produced from different materials'. Aerospace, 6 (7). [DOI]
Journal Publication Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Antunes, Elsa; Jacob, Mohan V.; Brodie, Graham; Schneider, Philip A. (2018) 'Isotherms, kinetics and mechanism analysis of phosphorus recovery from aqueous solution by calcium-rich biochar produced from biosolids via microwave pyrolysis'. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6 (1):395-403. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Antunes, Elsa; Jacob, Mohan V.; Brodie, Graham; Schneider, Philip A. (2018) 'Microwave pyrolysis of sewage biosolids: dielectric properties, microwave susceptor role and its impact on biochar properties'. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 129 :93-100. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Taheri, Saeedeh; Brodie, Graham; Jacob, Mohan V.; Antunes, Elsa (2018) 'Dielectric properties of chickpea, red and green lentil in the microwave frequency range as a function of temperature and moisture content'. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 52 (3):198-214. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Antunes, Elsa; Schumann, James; Brodie, Graham; Jacob, Mohan V.; Schneider, Philip A. (2017) 'Biochar produced from biosolids using a single-mode microwave: characterisation and its potential for phosphorus removal'. Journal of Environmental Management, 196 :119-126. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Antunes, Elsa; Jacob, Mohan V.; Brodie, Graham; Schneider, Philip A. (2017) 'Silver removal from aqueous solution by biochar produced from biosolids via microwave pyrolysis'. Journal of Environmental Management, 203 (Part 1):264-272. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Carvalho, T.; Antunes, E.; Calado, J.; Figueiredo, F.M.; Frade, J.R. (2012) 'Lanthanum oxide as a scavenging agent for zirconia electrolytes'. Solid State Ionics, 225 :484-487. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Neves, Nuno; Barros, Raquel; Antunes, Elsa; Ferreira, Isabel; Calado, João; Fortunato, Elvira; Martins, Rodrigo (2012) 'Sintering behavior of nano- and micro-Sized ZnO powder targets for rf magnetron sputtering applications'. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 95 (1):204-210. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Neves, Nuno; Barros, Raquel; Antunes, Elsa; Calado, Joao; Fortunato, Elvira; Martins, Rodrigo; Ferreira, Isabel (2012) 'Aluminum doped zinc oxide sputtering targets obtained from nanostructured powders: processing and application'. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 32 (16):4381-4391. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Maharaj, D.S.; Maharaj, H.; Antunes, E.M.; Maree, D.M.; Nyokong, T.; Glass, B.D.; Daya, S. (2005) '6-Hydroxymelatonin protects against quinolinic-acid-induced oxidative neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus'. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 57 (7):877-881. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Maharaj, D.S.; Molell, H.; Antunes, E.M.; Maharaj, H.; Maree, D.M.; Nyokong, T.; Glass, B.D.; Daya, S. (2005) 'Melatonin generates singlet oxygen on laser irradiation but acts as a quencher when irradiated by lamp photolysis'. Journal of Pineal Research, 38 (3):153-156. [DOI]
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Douglas, Joshua; Dada, Tewodros Kassa; Duan, Alex Xiaofei; Antunes, Elsa (2023) 44th Annual Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 2023, ASSCT 2023 Sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis for green energy production Cairns, QLD, Australia,
Conference Publication ResearchOnline@JCU
Munro, Thomas; Sharma, Dileep; Miller, Catherine; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa (2020) 98th General Session & Exhibition of the IADR/49th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the AADR Interactions of osteoprogenitor cells with a novel zirconia implant surface Washington, D.C., USA, .
Conference Contribution ResearchOnline@JCU
Timbs, K.; Khatamifar, M.; Lin, W.; Antunes, E. (2020) AFMC2020: 22nd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference Experimental study on the thermal performance of straight and oblique finned, polymer heat sinks Brisbane, QLD, Australia, . [DOI]
Conference Contribution Open Access ResearchOnline@JCU
Sharma, Chakrabhavi Gundurao Dileep; Miller, Catherine; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa (2020) 98th General Session & Exhibition of the IADR/49th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the AADR Modifications of novel zirconia surface and its effects on cellular interaction of human osteoblasts: an in vitro study Washington, D.C., USA, .
Conference Contribution ResearchOnline@JCU
Mahesh Koushik, Tejas; Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa (2023) 'Ceramic three-dimensional printing' In: Mahesh Koushik, Tejas, and Dos Santos Antunes, Elsa (2023) Ceramic three-dimensional printing. In: Gupta, Ram K., Behera, Ajit, Farhad, Siamak, and Nguyen, Tuan Anh, (eds.) Advanced Flexible Ceramics: Design, Properties, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications. Advanced Ceramic Materials . Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 193-214(Eds.). Advanced Flexible Ceramics: Design, Properties, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. [DOI]
Antunes, Elsa; Vuppaladadiyam, Arun; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Varsha, S.S.V.; Pant, Kamal K.; Tiwari, Bhagyashree; Pandey, Ashish (2021) 'Application of biochar for emerging contaminant mitigation' In: Antunes, Elsa, Vuppaladadiyam, Arun, Sarmah, Ajit K., Varsha, S.S.V., Pant, Kamal K., Tiwari, Bhagyashree, and Pandey, Ashish (2021) Application of biochar for emerging contaminant mitigation. In: Sarmah, Ajit K., (ed.) Biochar: fundamentals and applications in environmental science and remediation technologies. Advances in Chemical Pollution, Environmental Management and Protection, 7 . Elsevier, Cambridge, USA, pp. 65-91(Eds.). Biochar: fundamentals and applications in environmental science and remediation technologies. Cambridge, USA : Elsevier. [DOI]