The History and Theoretical Framework of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an integrative psychotherapy that combines cognitive-behavioural principles with mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based interventions to foster psychological flexibility. Rooted in Functional Contextualism and Relational Frame Theory (RFT), ACT promotes adaptive responses to distress by encouraging openness, awareness, and meaningful action. Unlike traditional Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), which focuses on symptom reduction, ACT emphasises value-driven behaviour change. This chapter explores ACT’s theoretical foundations, clinical applications, and cross-cultural adaptations, particularly in Asian populations. Despite strong empirical support, critiques highlight limitations regarding its distinctiveness from CBT, methodological rigour, and conceptual clarity. ACT’s evolution within Process-Based Therapy (PBT) seeks to refine its empirical foundation and expand its applicability. As ACT continues to gain global recognition, future directions include digital interventions, broader clinical applications, and enhanced cultural adaptations. By fostering resilience and well-being, ACT remains a leading evidence-based intervention in modern psychotherapy.

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The Palgrave Handbook of Third-Wave Psychotherapies

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978-3-032-00353-9

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