Confirmatory tetrad analysis in PLS path modeling

Gudergan, Siegfried P.;Ringle, Christian;Wende, Sven;Will, Alexander

Abstract

The authors propose a CTA-PLS assessment routine for measurement models. This routine applies confirmatory tetrad analysis (CTA) in a manner which is consistent with partial least squares (PLS) path modeling assumptions. The conceptualization employs a bootstrapping procedure to accomplish an appropriate statistical test examining vanishing tetrads in CTA-PLS. The approach allows distinguishing a formative indicator specification from a reflective indicator specification. Applications using experimental and empirical data demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of CTA-PLS. As a means of evaluating PLS path modeling results, the routine assists researchers in avoiding potentially unrepresentative consequences of measurement model misspecification.

Journal

Journal of Business Research

Publication Name

Journal of Business Research

Volume

ISBN/ISSN

1873-7978

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Publisher

Elsevier

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DOI

10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.012