Confirmatory tetrad analysis in PLS path modeling

Gudergan, Siegfried P.;Ringle, Christian;Wende, Sven;Will, Alexander

Abstract

The authors propose a CTA-PLS assessment routine for measurement models. This routine applies confirmatory tetrad analysis (CTA) in a manner which is consistent with partial least squares (PLS) path modeling assumptions. The conceptualization employs a bootstrapping procedure to accomplish an appropriate statistical test examining vanishing tetrads in CTA-PLS. The approach allows distinguishing a formative indicator specification from a reflective indicator specification. Applications using experimental and empirical data demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of CTA-PLS. As a means of evaluating PLS path modeling results, the routine assists researchers in avoiding potentially unrepresentative consequences of measurement model misspecification.

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Journal of Business Research

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1873-7978

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Elsevier

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DOI

10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.012