Transforming Singapore's innovation system: an analysis using the managerial flow model
Book Chapter ResearchOnline@JCUAbstract
[Extract] The national innovation system (NIS) is an evolving and closely embedded system involving private and public firms, universities, and government agencies to develop, diffuse, and exploit knowledge within a national context (Carlsson, 2006; Lundvall, 2003). Sweden and Germany have each created successful innovation systems; the Fraunhofer model in Germany involves 60 research institutes linked to a network of universities. The Fraunhofer system receives some 30% of funding from the state and 70% from industry and government contracts. Sweden is recognized as one of the top European Union (EU) countries in innovation. The Swedish RISE Holding AB is a holding company owned by the state and consists of umbrella research institutes that are externally funded. Learning from numerous efforts in creating an effective NIS, there are 3 national assets that shape its performance (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 1997). The first is strong public-private linkages involving public research infrastructure (research institutes and universities). The second is having labor mobility, which allows the nurturing and mobilization of people with specific knowledge and abilities. The third is industry linkages that facilitate interactions relevant to important technologies, shared knowledge and skills, and producer-supplier relationships.
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Managerial Flow
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978-0-415-74945-9
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14
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Routledge
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New York, NY, USA
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