3.1.3.1. Manuscript - Reducing dietary wild derived fish meal inclusion levels in production diets for large Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) (N5/N2; Output 2a) [In: Stone, D.A.J., Booth, M.A. and Clarke, S.M. (eds).Growing a Profitable, Innovative and Collaborative Australian Yellowtail Kingfish Aquaculture Industry: Bringing ‘White’ Fish to the Market (DAWR Grant Agreement RnD4Profit-14-01-027)]
Other Publication ResearchOnline@JCUAbstract
Further research to understand dietary wild derived fish meal (WD FM) substitution with commercially relevant alternative ingredients for large Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK) was needed. This 36 week study was designed to investigate the effects of replacing dietary inclusions of WD FM with alternative protein rich ingredients (Poultry meal, PM; Soy protein concentrate, SPC; and FM by-product) on the growth performance, feed utilisation, and health of YTK (2.52 kg) at ambient water temperatures (average 16.6 °C; range 23.5-13.0 °C). Six diets were formulated on a digestible basis to contain 39% digestible protein (~45-47% crude protein), 24% digestible lipid (~25% crude lipid), and a digestible energy level of 16.9 MJ kg-1 (~20.1 MJ kg-1 gross energy level). Fish were fed to apparent satiation once daily at 10:00 h. Diet did not significantly influence fish growth, feed utilisation, gastrointestinal health, or blood hematology and biochemistry indices measured. Indices associated with bile acid metabolism and liver histology also indicated no significant effects of WD FM substitution. Results from the current study are encouraging and provide valuable commercially relevant information to reduce the dietary WD FM inclusion levels and costs of diets and improve the sustainable production of large YTK. The inclusion of the alternative protein sources resulted in improvements in the fish in-fish out ratios of between 4.8 to 17.9% and 25.4 to 35.1%, respectively, for fish fed diets where WD FM was substituted by 33.3% or 66.7%. We recommend that when using SPC, diets contain no less than 20% WD FM. When using PM, we may recommend that diets contain no less than 20% FM (WD or FM by-product). When using FM by-product, we may recommend that diets contain a total of 30% FM, where at least 10% is derived from wild stocks, and no more than 20% is FM by-product. These recommendations are dependent on the changing cost of raw materials. This is a commercial decision for YTK producers and the feed manufacturers. The available information points toward flexibility in formulation. We recommend that trends with some of the alternatives to WD FM be followed up with further pilot scale commercial on-farm trials before the full formulation flexibility is realised.
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978-1-876007-17-1
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26
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South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI)
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Adelaide, SA, Australia
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