Thiosulphate leaching of gold in the Cu-NH₃₋S₂O₃²⁻-H₂O system: an updated thermodynamic analysis using predominance area and species distribution diagrams
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCUAbstract
Thiosulphate, as an environmentally friendly lixiviant, is currently identified as the most promising alternative to cyanide for the extraction of gold from ores in sensitive locations. The Cu(II) ammine complexes acts as the catalytic oxidant to increase the thiosulphate leaching rate of gold, which also causes an undesirable high consumption of thiosulphate. Due to the complex solution chemistry of Cu-NH₃₋S₂O₃²⁻-H₂O system, fundamentally supported mechanisms to justify the catalytic effects and the consumption of thiosulphate are yet to be developed. Thermodynamic analysis offers essential information on which chemical species that could form and how these species influence the solution chemistry under various conditions. In this paper, predominance area and species distribution diagrams for gold leaching in the Cu-NH₃₋S₂O₃²⁻-H₂O system were constructed from a series of calculations using updated thermodynamic data. The diagrams reveal insights into the thermodynamics of gold dissolution, thiosulphate stability and redox behaviour of Cu(II)/Cu(I) couples. Analysis of the results presented in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the complex thiosulphate leach solution chemistry that allows for a better understanding on the relationships between the redox behaviour of Cu(II)/Cu(I) couples and the behaviours of gold leaching and thiosulphate decomposition.
Journal
Minerals Engineering
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Volume
151
ISBN/ISSN
1872-9444
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Pages Count
12
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Publisher
Elsevier
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DOI
10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106336