The prevention of child drowning: the causal factors and social determinants impacting fatalities in portable pools
Journal Publication ResearchOnline@JCUAbstract
Issue addressed: There is a scarcity of research into portable pool drowning and its prevention. This total population study examines fatal drowning among children under five in portable pools in Australia. Methods: All child drowning deaths in portable pools for the period 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2018 were identified. A portable pool was defined as any structure used for swimming and wading which, when emptied, can be moved. Results: Twenty-three children (aged 0-17 years) drowned in portable pools. The drowning rate for children less than 5 years of age was 0.09 per 100 000 population. The peak age of death was 12-23 months (RR = 2.99; CI: 1.09-8.23), with the majority (n = 20 deaths) aged 16-31 months. Ninety per cent followed a fall into water. None were supervised. Children commonly resided in areas classified as socially and economically disadvantaged (85%; n = 17). Drowning rates in very remote areas were 15 times greater (RR = 15.41; CI: 0.03-7579.65) than city children. Eleven (55%) drowning deaths occurred in pools with a depth >300 mm, of which 10 (91%) were known to be unfenced. Conclusions: Social determinants impact child drowning in portables pools, which can occur quickly and in just 150 mm of water. Active supervision and a regulation-compliant barrier are effective prevention stratagems, factors which were absent from the deaths in this study. So what?: Portable pool drowning disproportionately impacts those aged 16-31 months who reside in very remote areas and areas classified as having high socio-economic disadvantage. Education for these groups on fencing and supervision of children must be provided.
Journal
Health Promotion Journal of Australia
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Volume
31
ISBN/ISSN
2201-1617
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Issue
2
Pages Count
8
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Publisher
Wiley
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EISSN
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DOI
10.1002/hpja.282