Abstract
In this chapter the security status of individuals and groups outside of the state system is examined. The chapter begins with an examination of statelessness and its drivers, and then examines the extent and causes of the global refugee crisis illustrated by case examples from the global North and the global South. Within this discussion, the chapter also explores the relatively new phenomenon of environmental refugees and how climate change could cause an increase in forced migration as vulnerable populations are forced to leave their home locales due to climatic changes. In doing so it discusses the precarious situation of environmental refugees, who are still not recognised under the UNHCR definition of a refugee. The chapter then considers individuals and groups outside of the state system that are vastly different than those mentioned above, namely alienated citizens and terrorists. Avenues leading to the alienation of the citizen from the state are described, including roads towards terrorism and the possible effects of anti-terrorism legislation and strategies on the status of individuals.
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Publication Name
Human Security in World Affairs: problems and opportunities
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ISBN/ISSN
978-3-902890-00-9
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Pages Count
26
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Publisher
Caesarpress
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Publisher Location
Vienna, Austria
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DOI
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